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Ambedkar views that definitions of castes given by Émile Senart [5] John Nesfield, H. H. Risley and Dr Ketkar as incomplete or incorrect by itself and all have missed the central point in the mechanism of the caste system. Senart's "idea of pollution" is a characteristic of caste in so far as caste has a religious flavour.
Later, other caste groups imitated these customs. However, although Ambedkar uses the approach of psychologist Gabriel Tarde to indicate how the caste system spread, he also explains that Brahmins or Manu cannot be blamed for the origin of the caste system and he discredits theories which trace the origin of caste system in races.
The evolution of the lower caste and tribe into the modern-day Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe is complex. The caste system as a stratification of classes in India originated about 2,000 years ago, and has been influenced by dynasties and ruling elites, including the Mughal Empire and the British Raj.
The caste system in Sri Lanka is a division of society into strata, [39] influenced by the textbook jāti system found in India. Ancient Sri Lankan texts such as the Pujavaliya, Sadharmaratnavaliya and Yogaratnakaraya and inscriptional evidence show that the above hierarchy prevailed throughout the feudal period.
Caste panchayats, based on caste system in India, are caste-specific juries of elders for villages or higher-level communities in India. [1] They are distinct from gram panchayats in that the latter, as statutory bodies, serve all villagers regardless of caste as a part of the Indian government, although they operate on the same principles.
The Origin and Development of Vaisnavism from 200 BC to AD 500. Munshiram Manoharlal. Jaiswal, Suvira (2000). Caste: Origin, Function, and Dimensions of Change. Manohar. ISBN 978-81-7304-334-5. Jaiswal, Suvira (2016). The Making of Brahmanic Hegemony: Studies in Caste, Gender, and Vaiṣṇava Theology. Tulika Books. ISBN 978-93-82381-83-9.
Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas (16 November 1916 – 30 November 1999) [1] was an Indian sociologist and social anthropologist. [2] He is mostly known for his work on caste and caste systems, social stratification, Sanskritisation and Westernisation in southern India and the concept of 'dominant caste'.
Homo Hierarchicus: Essai sur le système des castes (1966) is Louis Dumont's treatise on the Indian caste system. [1] It analyses the caste hierarchy and the ascendancy tendency of the lower castes to follow the habits of the higher castes. This concept was termed as Sanskritisation by MN Srinivas. [2]