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In linguistics, a bound morpheme is a morpheme (the elementary unit of morphosyntax) that can appear only as part of a larger expression, while a free morpheme (or unbound morpheme) is one that can stand alone. [1] A bound morpheme is a type of bound form, and a free morpheme is a type of free form. [2]
The term is also used by some Korean linguists to capture the common phenomena between grammaticalization and lexicalization, i.e., to capture the phenomena that result in new morphemes via reanalysis, fusion, coalescence, univerbation etc. [3] [4] [5]). In addition to traditional examples of grammaticalization (for example, 'wanna' from 'want ...
Every morpheme can be classified as free or bound: [4] Free morphemes can function independently as words (e.g. town, dog) and can appear within lexemes (e.g. town hall, doghouse). Bound morphemes appear only as parts of words, always in conjunction with a root and sometimes with other bound morphemes.
A root, or a root morpheme, in the stricter sense, a mono-‑morphemic stem. The traditional definition allows roots to be either free morphemes or bound morphemes . Root morphemes are the building blocks for affixation and compounds .
In linguistics, a marker is a free or bound morpheme that indicates the grammatical function of the marked word, phrase, or sentence. Most characteristically, markers occur as clitics or inflectional affixes. In analytic languages and agglutinative languages, markers are generally easily distinguished.
A morphome is a function in linguistics which is purely morphological or has an irreducibly morphological component. The term is particularly used by Martin Maiden [1] following Mark Aronoff's identification of morphomic functions and the morphomic level—a level of linguistic structure intermediate between and independent of phonology and syntax.