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Neonatal sepsis is a type of neonatal infection and specifically refers to the presence in a newborn baby of a bacterial blood stream infection (BSI) (such as meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, or gastroenteritis) in the setting of fever. Older textbooks may refer to neonatal sepsis as "sepsis neonatorum".
Bacteria found in the maternal gastrointestinal or gastrourinary tracts can commonly lead to neonatal infection. Bacterial infections may present as fetal distress at birth (including signs of tachycardia, temperature instability or difficulty breathing), neonatal sepsis, or neonatal meningitis.
Clinically, neonates with omphalitis present within the first two weeks of life with signs and symptoms of a skin infection around the umbilical stump (redness, warmth, swelling, pain), pus from the umbilical stump, fever, fast heart rate (tachycardia), low blood pressure (hypotension), somnolence, poor feeding, and yellow skin ().
Erythema toxicum neonatorum is a common, non-threatening rash in newborns. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It appears in 40-70% of newborns within the first week of life, and it typically improves within 1–2 weeks. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It only occurs during the newborn period, but may appear slightly later in premature babies.
Usually, this condition resolves over 24–72 hours. Treatment is supportive and may include supplemental oxygen and antibiotics. The chest x-ray shows hyperinflation of the lungs including prominent pulmonary vascular markings, flattening of the diaphragm, and fluid in the horizontal fissure of the right lung.
Vivian Health examines five trends that could redefine nurses' roles, enhance patient care, and alter the entire healthcare system in 2025 and beyond.
With sepsis being a complication of severe gray baby syndrome, usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as vancomycin, for example, is a recommended treatment option. Third generation antibiotics have also proven efficacy in treating gray baby-induced sepsis.
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