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Rotational symmetry, also known as radial symmetry in geometry, is the property a shape has when it looks the same after some rotation by a partial turn. An object's degree of rotational symmetry is the number of distinct orientations in which it looks exactly the same for each rotation.
A drawing of a butterfly with bilateral symmetry, with left and right sides as mirror images of each other.. In geometry, an object has symmetry if there is an operation or transformation (such as translation, scaling, rotation or reflection) that maps the figure/object onto itself (i.e., the object has an invariance under the transform). [1]
The symmetry group of an object is sometimes also called its full symmetry group, as opposed to its proper symmetry group, the intersection of its full symmetry group with E + (3), which consists of all direct isometries, i.e., isometries preserving orientation. For a bounded object, the proper symmetry group is called its rotation group.
A discrete symmetry is a symmetry that describes non-continuous changes in a system. For example, a square possesses discrete rotational symmetry, as only rotations by multiples of right angles will preserve the square's original appearance.
Geometrically, the graph of an odd function has rotational symmetry with respect to the origin, meaning that its graph remains unchanged after rotation of 180 degrees about the origin. Examples of odd functions are x, x 3, sin(x), sinh(x), and erf(x).
For example: two 3D figures have mirror symmetry, but with respect to different mirror planes. two 3D figures have 3-fold rotational symmetry, but with respect to different axes. two 2D patterns have translational symmetry, each in one direction; the two translation vectors have the same length but a different direction.
Symmetry (left) and asymmetry (right) A spherical symmetry group with octahedral symmetry. The yellow region shows the fundamental domain. A fractal-like shape that has reflectional symmetry, rotational symmetry and self-similarity, three forms of symmetry. This shape is obtained by a finite subdivision rule.
For example, in 2-space n = 2, a rotation by angle θ has eigenvalues λ = e iθ and λ = e −iθ, so there is no axis of rotation except when θ = 0, the case of the null rotation. In 3-space n = 3 , the axis of a non-null proper rotation is always a unique line, and a rotation around this axis by angle θ has eigenvalues λ = 1, e iθ , e ...