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The African independence movements took place in the 20th century, when a wave of struggles for independence in European-ruled African territories were witnessed. Notable independence movements took place: Algeria (former French Algeria), see Algerian War; Angola (former Portuguese Angola), see Portuguese Colonial War
Kenneth Kaunda, a leading Zambian independence activist, pictured at a political rally in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) in 1960.. African nationalism is an umbrella term which refers to a group of political ideologies in West, Central, East and Southern Africa, which are based on the idea of national self-determination and the creation of nation states. [1]
Scramble for Africa Africa in the years 1880 and 1913, just before the First World War. The "Scramble for Africa" between 1870 and 1914 was a significant period of European imperialism in Africa that ended with almost all of Africa, and its natural resources, claimed as colonies by European powers, who raced to secure as much land as possible while avoiding conflict amongst themselves.
Independence for the colonies in Africa began with the independence of Sudan in 1956, and Ghana in 1957. All of the British colonies on mainland Africa became independent by 1966, although Rhodesia 's unilateral declaration of independence in 1965 was not recognized by the UK or internationally.
Pan-Africanism is said to have its origins in the struggles of the African people against enslavement and colonization [3] and this struggle may be traced back to the first resistance on slave ships—rebellions and suicides—through the constant plantation and colonial uprisings and the "Back to Africa" movements of the 19th century. Based on ...
The Second All-African Peoples' Conference, held from 25 to 31 January, called for Africa's complete independence and the establishment of an African bank. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] In the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Ethiopian runner Abebe Bikila won the marathon and became the first Black African to receive an Olympic gold medal.
Women's roles in African independence movements were diverse and varied by each country. Many women believed that their liberation was directly linked to the liberation of their countries. [1] Women participated in various anti-colonial roles, ranging from grassroots organising to providing crucial support during the struggle for independence.
This is a list of wars of independence (also called liberation wars). ... South Africa: Independence of Namibia from South Africa: 1967–1970 Nigerian Civil War