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Sharia rulings fall into one of five categories known as "the five rulings" (al-aḥkām al-khamsa): mandatory (farḍ or wājib), recommended (mandūb or mustaḥabb), neutral (mubāḥ), reprehensible (makrūh), and forbidden (ḥarām). [7] [11] It is a sin or a crime to perform a forbidden action or not to perform a mandatory action. [7]
Actions that are reprehensible and violate rules of Fiqh are considered to be makruh. [4] Makruh is considered to be of two types: Makruh Tahrimi, مکروہ تَحریمی - Actions disliked in the same vein as haram actions, but does not have definitive proof and instead uses speculative evidence for their prohibition. Unlike haram actions ...
Haram (/ h ə ˈ r ɑː m, h æ ˈ-, h ɑː ˈ-,-ˈ r æ m /; [1] [2] Arabic: حَرَام ḥarām [ħɑˈrɑːm]) is an Arabic term meaning 'forbidden'. [3]: 471 This may refer to either something sacred to which access is not allowed to the people who are not in a state of purity or who are not initiated into the sacred knowledge; or, in direct contrast, to an evil and thus "sinful action ...
Hadith [b] is a form of Islamic oral tradition containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the prophet Muhammad. Each hadith is associated with a chain of narrators (a lineage of people who reportedly heard and repeated the hadith, from which the source of the hadith can apparently be traced). [4]
Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) covers two main areas: Rules in relation to actions, and, Rules in relation to circumstances surrounding actions. These types of rules can also fall into two groups: Worship ; Dealings and transactions (with people) Rules in relation to actions ('amaliyya — عملية) or "decision types" comprise:
The Islamic financial and investment models have taken root in the West and begun to flourish. [9] [10] Classic Islamic law details the manner of contracting, the types of transactions, the assignment of liability and reward, and the responsibilities of the parties in Islamic trade. [11]
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, [9] the religion's founder. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.
Ahkam are similar to, but not the same as, a fatwa, [6] which is a legal opinion or ruling issued by a qualified Islamic scholar in response to a specific question or issue posed by an individual or community. Fatwas are based on the scholar's interpretation of Islamic sources and jurisprudential principles.