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  2. Michael Petach - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Petach

    Michael Petach (December 30, 1959 – June 25, 2024) was an American engineer who made contributions in the fields of cryogenics and thermoacoustics in developing systems for space applications. He worked as an engineer for Northrop Grumman. His notable work revolved around developing cryocoolers and the traveling-wave thermoacoustic electric ...

  3. Fine Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Guidance_Sensor_and...

    FGS/NIRISS ETU, 2016 FGS Test unit undergoes cryogenic testing, 2012 Infographic of JWST instruments and their observation ranges of light by wavelength. Fine Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (FGS-NIRISS) is an instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) that combines a Fine Guidance Sensor and a science instrument, a near-infrared imager and a ...

  4. Cryogenics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenics

    Nitrogen is a liquid under −195.8 °C (77.3 K).. In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.. The 13th International Institute of Refrigeration's (IIR) International Congress of Refrigeration (held in Washington DC in 1971) endorsed a universal definition of "cryogenics" and "cryogenic" by accepting a threshold of 120 K (−153 °C) to ...

  5. Integrated Science Instrument Module - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Science...

    The three regions include the cryogenic instrument module (1), the electronics compartment (2), and finally the Command and Data Handling subsystem and MIRI crycooler (3), which is inside the spacecraft bus physically. [1] MIRI needs to be colder than the other instruments so it has an additional cooler. [1] MIRI is the mid-infrared instrument. [1]

  6. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_nanowire...

    The superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD or SSPD) is a type of optical and near-infrared single-photon detector based on a current-biased superconducting nanowire. [1] It was first developed by scientists at Moscow State Pedagogical University and at the University of Rochester in 2001.

  7. Quantum Cascade Detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Cascade_Detector

    A Quantum Cascade Detector (QCD) is a photodetector sensitive to infrared radiation. [2] The absorption of incident light is mediated by intersubband transitions in a semiconductor multiple-quantum-well structure. The term cascade refers to the characteristic path of the electrons inside the material bandstructure, induced by absorption of ...

  8. Cryogenic particle detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic_particle_detector

    Cryogenic particle detectors operate at very low temperature, typically only a few degrees above absolute zero. These sensors interact with an energetic elementary particle (such as a photon ) and deliver a signal that can be related to the type of particle and the nature of the interaction.

  9. Forward-looking infrared - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward-looking_infrared

    Forward-looking infrared (FLIR) cameras, typically used on military and civilian aircraft, use a thermographic camera that senses infrared radiation. [ 1 ] The sensors installed in forward-looking infrared cameras, as well as those of other thermal imaging cameras, use detection of infrared radiation, typically emitted from a heat source ...