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Islamic ethics (Arabic: أخلاق إسلامية) is the "philosophical reflection upon moral conduct" with a view to defining "good character" and attaining the "pleasure of God" (raza-e Ilahi). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is distinguished from " Islamic morality ", which pertains to "specific norms or codes of behavior".
With the spread of Islam, it acquired a meaning of "practical ethics" (rather than directly religious strictures) around the 8th century. By the 9th century (3rd Islamic century), its connotations had expanded, especially when used as a loanword in non-Arabic speaking regions.
Iḥsān (Arabic: إحسان), is an Arabic term meaning "beautification", "perfection" or "excellence", but in Islam it is also defined (by Malcolm Clark) as ethics/morality "literally virtue, including right living," and (according to Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood) is a matter of taking one's inner faith and showing it in both deed and action. [14]
Prescribed Islamic etiquette is referred to as Adab, and described as "refinement, good manners, morals, ethics, decorum, decency, humaneness and righteousness". [1] As such, many points discussed in this article are applicable in other regions of the Islamic world. This holds especially true in Muslim majority countries outside Middle East.
Islamic bioethics, or Islamic medical ethics, (Arabic: الأخلاق الطبية al-akhlaq al-tibbiyyah) refers to Islamic guidance on ethical or moral issues relating to medical and scientific fields, in particular, those dealing with human life.
The Introduction of Arabic Philosophy Into Europe. Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters. Vol. 39. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-09842-8. Cohen-Mor, Dalya (2001). A Matter of Fate: The Concept of Fate in the Arab World as Reflected in Modern Arabic Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513398-1.
' Aql (Arabic: عَقْل, romanized: ʿaql, lit. 'intellect') is an Arabic term used in Islamic philosophy and theology for the intellect or the rational faculty of the soul that connects humans to God. According to Islamic beliefs, ' aql is what guides humans towards the right path (sirat al-mustaqim) and prevents them from deviating.
Taqwa (Arabic: تقوى taqwā / taqwá) is an Islamic term for being conscious and cognizant of God, of truth, "piety, fear of God." [1] [2] It is often found in the Quran.. Those who practice taqwa — in the words of Ibn Abbas, "believers who avoid shirk with Allah and who work in His obedience" [3] — are called muttaqin (Arabic: المُتَّقِين al-mutta