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Beta-thalassemia; Other names: Microcytemia, beta type [1] Beta thalassemia genetics, the picture shows one example of how beta thalassemia is inherited. The beta globin gene is located on chromosome 11. A child inherits two beta globin genes (one from each parent). Specialty: Hematology: Types: Thalassemia minor, intermediate and major [2] Causes
There are two approved forms of gene therapy for beta thalassemia. [96] [97] Betibeglogene autotemcel, sold under the brand name Zynteglo, is a gene therapy for the treatment for beta thalassemia which adds a healthy beta-globin gene to the HSCs. [98] It was approved for medical use in the United States in August 2022.
The Mentzer index, described in 1973 by William C. Mentzer, [1] is the MCV divided by the RBC count. It is said to be helpful in differentiating iron deficiency anemia from beta thalassemia trait.
Normal levels range from 2.1-3.2%, but in the beta-thalassemia disorder, the levels increase to 3.5-6.0%. Additionally, individuals with beta-thalassemia exhibit a high red cell count and low hemoglobin levels. [3] Individuals that express lower levels of hemoglobin A2, have the a 0-thalassemia trait or homozygous gene for a +-thalassemia. [2]
Mild thalassemia : patients with thalassemia traits do not require medical or follow-up care after the initial diagnosis is made. [2] Patients with β-thalassemia trait should be warned that their condition can be misdiagnosed for the common Iron deficiency anemia.
Delta-beta thalassemia can mask the diagnosis of beta thalassemia trait. In beta thalassemia, an increase in hemoglobin A2 results, but the co-existence of a delta-beta thalassemia mutation will decrease the value of the hemoglobin A2 into the normal range, thereby obscuring the diagnosis of beta thalassemia trait [10]
Thalassemia is an inherited condition that has variants in alpha or beta globin genes that result in lower levels of globin chains required to make hemoglobin, resulting in alpha thalassemia or beta thalassemia, respectively. [3] Diagnosis is made by DNA analysis for alpha thalassemia and hemoglobin analysis for beta thalassemia. [3]
Hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia is a severe disease, and it still has no universal cure. However, the mutation is amenable to genome editing at high efficiency in preclinical studies. [ 6 ] It affects more than a million people in the world. [ 7 ]
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