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Vacuum tubes which had special qualities of some sort, very often long-life designs, particularly for computer and telecommunications use, had the numeric part of the designation placed immediately after the first letter. They were usually special-quality versions of standard types.
It belongs to a large family of dual-triode vacuum tubes which share the same pinout (RETMA 9A). 12AU7 is also known in Europe under its Mullard–Philips tube designation ECC82 . [ 1 ] There are many equivalent tubes with different names, some identical, some designed for ruggedness, long life, or other characteristics; examples are the US ...
It is easily machined and has good corrosion resistance. It is unsuitable for bakeable vacuum envelopes due to its tendency to oxidize and create scales. Copper rings are used in demountable seals. Normal copper is unsuitable for high vacuum as it is difficult to outgas completely. Copper is insensitive to hydrogen and impermeable to hydrogen ...
Most post-war European thermionic valve (vacuum tube) manufacturers have used the Mullard–Philips tube designation naming scheme. Special quality variants may have the letter "S" appended, or the device description letters may be swapped with the numerals (e.g. an E82CC is a special quality version of an ECC82)
The earliest vacuum tubes evolved from incandescent light bulbs, containing a filament sealed in an evacuated glass envelope. When hot, the filament in a vacuum tube (a cathode) releases electrons into the vacuum, a process called thermionic emission. This can produce a controllable unidirectional current though the vacuum known as the Edison ...
The second character was a letter broadly identifying the class of tube: A-- Single element (ballast, barretter) B-- Two-element device such as: Diode; Transmit/receive tube (TR cell), cold-cathode water vapor discharge tube for use in radar systems, shorts the receiver input to protect it while the transmitter operates
12AX7 (also known as ECC83 [1]) is a miniature dual-triode vacuum tube with high voltage gain.Developed around 1946 by RCA engineers [2] in Camden, New Jersey, under developmental number A-4522, it was released for public sale under the 12AX7 identifier on September 15, 1947.
12AT7 (also known in Europe by the Mullard–Philips tube designation of ECC81) is a miniature nine-pin medium-gain (60) dual-triode vacuum tube popular in guitar amplifiers. It belongs to a large family of dual triode vacuum tubes which share the same pinout (EIA 9A), including in particular the very commonly used low- mu 12AU7 and high-mu 12AX7 .