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MRI studies have found a smaller brain volume and larger ventricles in people with schizophrenia – however researchers do not know if the shrinkage is from the schizophrenia or from the medication. [ 140 ] [ 141 ] The hippocampus and thalamus have been shown to be reduced in volume; and the volume of the globus pallidus is increased.
The exact pathophysiological causes of the disease are currently unclear, but there are developing theories. [8] Spongy degeneration can be diagnosed with neuroimaging techniques and urine examination. [9] There is no current treatment for spongy degeneration, but research utilising gene therapy to treat the disease is underway. [8]
Treatment Unknown Pontocerebellar hypoplasia ( PCH ) is a heterogeneous group of rare neurodegenerative disorders caused by genetic mutations and characterised by progressive atrophy of various parts of the brain such as the cerebellum or brainstem (particularly the pons ). [ 1 ]
Cerebral hypoxia can be caused by any event that severely interferes with the brain's ability to receive or process oxygen. This event may be internal or external to the body. Mild and moderate forms of cerebral hypoxia may be caused by various diseases that interfere with breathing and blood oxygenation.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to distinguish kuru from Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, a similar encephalopathy (any disease that affects the structure of the brain). [28] EEGs search for electrical activity in the person's brain and measure the frequency of each wave to determine if there is an issue with the brain's activity. [29]
A recent review suggests that low magnesium levels may affect the risk for several cardiovascular diseases and that many people are not consuming adequate amounts of magnesium.