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Weather satellites do not measure temperature directly. They measure radiances in various wavelength bands. Since 1978 microwave sounding units (MSUs) on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar orbiting satellites have measured the intensity of upwelling microwave radiation from atmospheric oxygen , which is related to the ...
Because the SST skin can be measured by satellites and is the temperature almost at the interface of the ocean and the atmosphere, it is a very useful measure to find the heat flux from the ocean. The increased heat flux due to diurnal warming can reach as high as 50-60 W/m 2 and has a temporal mean of 10 W/m 2 .
A drifter (not to be confused with a float) is an oceanographic device floating on the surface to investigate ocean currents by tracking location. They can also measure other parameters like sea surface temperature, salinity, barometric pressure, and wave height. [1] Modern drifters are typically tracked by satellite, [2] often GPS.
The radiation captured by the sensor is corrected for atmospheric disturbance and radiation noise to compute the brightness temperature of the ocean surface. With a correct estimation of the emissivity of sea water (~0.99) the grey body temperature of the ocean surface can be deduced, also referred to as the Sea Surface Temperature (SST).
The ocean is absorbing approximately 90 per cent of the heat trapped by greenhouse gases
improved capability for ocean color observations in coastal and turbid waters; improved interpretation of sea-ice data from satellites; satellite measurement of salinity; Observing system evaluation and design, including improvements in air-sea flux parameterizations. Improvements in ocean platforms, including increased capabilities for Argo floats
At Ocean Station Papa in the Gulf of Alaska the temperature and salinity at the surface might be about 6°C and 32.55 parts per thousand giving a density of sea-water of 1.0256 g/cm 3. At a depth of 2000 metres (pressure of 2000 decibars) the temperature might be 2°C and the salinity 34.58 parts per thousand.
The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is widely used to measure sea surface temperature from space. [23]: 90 There are various devices to measure ocean temperatures at different depths. These include the Nansen bottle, bathythermograph, CTD, or ocean acoustic tomography. Moored and drifting buoys also measure sea surface ...