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Sanballat the Horonite (Hebrew: סַנְבַלַּט Sanḇallaṭ) – or Sanballat I – was a Samaritan leader, official of the Achaemenid Empire, and contemporary of the Israelite leader Nehemiah who lived in the mid-to-late 5th century BC.
Tobiah was an Ammonite official [1] (possibly a governor of Ammon, possibly also of Jewish descent). [2] He incited the Ammonites to hinder Nehemiah 's efforts to rebuild Jerusalem. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] He, along with Sanballat the Horonite and Geshem the Arabian , resorted to a stratagem and, pretending to wish a conference with Nehemiah, invited him ...
Eliashib's grandson was married to a relative of Sanballat the Horonite (Neh 13:28) and, while Nehemiah was absent in Babylon, Eliashib had leased the storerooms of the Second Temple to Sanballat's associate Tobiah the Ammonite. When Nehemiah returned he threw Tobiah's furniture out of the temple and drove out Eliashib's grandson (Neh 13:4-9).
These texts also document the interactions of the Jews with neighboring figures, including Sanballat the Horonite, likely the governor of Samaria, Tobiah the Ammonite, who likely owned lands in Ammon, and Geshem the Arabian, king of the Qedarites, all of whom opposed Nehemiah's efforts to rebuild Jerusalem. [1]
Tobiah The Servant, The Ammonite", [16] is said to have conspired in 445 BCE with other land-owners, Sanballat of Samaria and Geshem the Arabian, to oppose Nehemiah on the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem, [17] [18] possibly due to the reform on land owning that Nehemiah forced through.
1 Now it happened when Sanballat, Tobiah, Geshem the Arab, and the rest of our enemies heard that I had rebuilt the wall, and that there were no breaks left in it (though at that time I had not hung the doors in the gates), 2 that Sanballat and Geshem sent to me, saying, "Come, let us meet together among the villages in the plain of Ono."
When Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly that there was come a man to seek the welfare of the children of Israel. [ 20 ] " Sanballat the Horonite ": Smith-Christopher agrees with Blenkinsopp that "Horonite" here refers to Beth-Horon ( Joshua 16:3, 5 ), [ 21 ] northwest of ...
Sanballat was the name of several governors of Samaria during the Achaemenid and Hellenistic periods: Sanballat the Horonite, or Sanballat I, governed in the mid- to late-5th century BCE; was a contemporary of Nehemiah; Sanballat II, grandson of the former, governed mid-4th century BCE; Sanballat III, governed around the time of Alexander the Great