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During straight and level flight, the load factor is +1 if the aircraft is flown "the right way up", [2]: 90 whereas it becomes −1 if the aircraft is flown "upside-down" (inverted). In both cases the lift vector is the same (as seen by an observer on the ground), but in the latter the vertical axis of the aircraft points downwards, making the ...
Passenger load factor is an important parameter for the assessment of the performance of any transport system. Almost all transport systems have high fixed costs, and these costs can only be recovered through selling tickets. [2] Airlines often calculate a load factor at which the airline will break even; this is called the break-even load ...
Wing loading is a useful measure of the stalling speed of an aircraft. Wings generate lift owing to the motion of air around the wing. Larger wings move more air, so an aircraft with a large wing area relative to its mass (i.e., low wing loading) will have a lower stalling speed.
For aircraft specification calculation in aeronautics, limit load (LL) is the maximum design load expected as the maximum load any aircraft will see during its lifetime, [1]
Load factor (aeronautics), the ratio of the lift of an aircraft to its weight; Load factor (computer science), the ratio of the number of records to the number of addresses within a data structure; Load factor (electrical), the average power divided by the peak power over a period of time; Capacity factor, the ratio of actual energy output to ...
In aircraft particularly, vertical g-forces are often positive (force blood towards the feet and away from the head); this causes problems with the eyes and brain in particular. As positive vertical g-force is progressively increased (such as in a centrifuge ) the following symptoms may be experienced: [ citation needed ]
With respect to aircraft structure and design, ultimate load is the amount of load applied to a component beyond which the component will fail. The chance that it will occur is, however, not zero, and, if it were to occur, then the relevant structure in the aircraft would stand a large chance of fracture.
In aerodynamics, the flight envelope, service envelope, or performance envelope of an aircraft or spacecraft refers to the capabilities of a design in terms of airspeed and load factor or atmospheric density, often simplified to altitude. [1] [2] The term is somewhat loosely applied, and can also refer to other measurements such as maneuverability.