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Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) is a space-based spectrometer designed to measure air pollution across greater North America at a high resolution and on an hourly basis. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The ultraviolet–visible spectrometer will provide hourly data on ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and formaldehyde in the atmosphere.
Temperature measurements are also made by GPS radio occultation. [31] This technique measures the refraction of the radio waves transmitted by GPS satellites as they propagate in the Earth's atmosphere, thus allowing vertical temperature and moisture profiles to be measured.
New generations of satellites are being developed to succeed the current polar orbiting and geosynchronous satellites: the Joint Polar Satellite System) and GOES-R. The first satellite in the GOES-R series launched on November 19, 2016. JPSS-1 successfully launched on November 18, 2017.
Atmospheric sounding or atmospheric profiling is a measurement of vertical distribution of physical properties of the atmospheric column such as pressure, temperature, wind speed and wind direction (thus deriving wind shear), liquid water content, ozone concentration, pollution, and other properties.
The term "sounder" in AIRS's name refers to the fact that the instrument measures temperature and water vapor as a function of height (atmospheric sounding). AIRS measures the infrared brightness coming up from Earth's surface and from the atmosphere. Its scan mirror rotates around an axis along the line of flight and directs infrared energy ...
The concept of using Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) for profiling temperature in the lower atmosphere (surface to 6 km) was proposed throughout the 1980s. The technique suggested probing a temperature dependent oxygen absorption line near 770 nm. The advantage of DIAL temperature profiling is that it would not require external calibration.
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MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) [6] Data from the satellite helps scientists better understand the spread of pollution around the globe. Studies have used instruments on Terra to examine trends in global carbon monoxide and aerosol pollution. [7] The data collected by Terra will ultimately become a new, 15-year global data ...