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Lost-wax casting – also called investment casting, precision casting, or cire perdue (French: [siʁ pɛʁdy]; borrowed from French) [1] – is the process by which a duplicate sculpture (often a metal, such as silver, gold, brass, or bronze) is cast from an original sculpture. Intricate works can be achieved by this method.
Bronze is the most popular metal for cast metal sculptures; a cast bronze sculpture is often called simply "a bronze". It can be used for statues, singly or in groups, reliefs , and small statuettes and figurines , as well as bronze elements to be fitted to other objects such as furniture.
The process of casting in bronze and brass is known as cire perdue, and is the most primitive and most commonly employed through the centuries, having been described in by the monk Theophilus, and also by Benvenuto Cellini. Briefly, it is as follows: a core, roughly representing the size and form of the object to be produced, is made of pounded ...
French ormolu mantel clock (around 1800) by Julien Béliard (1758 – died after 1806), Paris.The clock case by Claude Galle (1758–1815) Ormolu (/ ˈ ɔːr m ə ˌ l uː /; from French or moulu 'ground/pounded gold') is the gilding technique of applying finely ground, high-carat gold–mercury amalgam to an object of bronze, and objects finished in this way.
The entire sculpture was cast in one piece through a casting technique called the lost wax method: the sculpture was first created in clay with support to allow hot air to melt the wax, creating a mold for molten bronze to be poured into and making the large bronze Victorious Youth.
The cast was then dipped 20 or more times into a ceramic slurry to form the molds into which 6,000 pounds (2.7 t) of bronze, melted in a crucible, were poured, 400 pounds (180 kg) at a time. These bronze blocks were sand blasted, fitted, and welded together to form the final sculpture. [8]