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Alcohol dependence is a previous (DSM-IV and ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon alcohol (also chemically known as ethanol). In 2013, it was reclassified as alcohol use disorder in DSM-5 , [ 1 ] which combined alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse into this diagnosis.
Chronic alcohol ingestion impairs multiple critical cellular functions in the lung. These cellular impairments lead to increased susceptibility to the serious complications from a pre-existing lung disease. Recent research cites alcoholic lung disease as comparable to liver disease in alcohol-related mortality. [1]
Risk factors known as of 2010 are: Quantity of alcohol taken: Consumption of 60–80 g per day (14 g is considered one standard drink in the US, e.g. 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 US fl oz or 44 mL hard liquor, 5 US fl oz or 150 mL wine, 12 US fl oz or 350 mL beer; drinking a six-pack of 5% ABV beer daily would be 84 g and just over the upper limit) for 20 years or more in men, or 20 g/day for women ...
Mental health as a risk factor for alcohol dependence or abuse William Hogarth's Gin Lane, 1751. A complex combination of genetic and environmental factors influences the risk of the development of alcoholism. [81] Genes that influence the metabolism of alcohol also influence the risk of alcoholism, as can a family history of alcoholism. [82]
The stoma may be a gastrostomy, jejunostomy, ileostomy, or cecostomy. These may be used for feed (e.g. gastrostomy and jejunostomy) or to flush the intestines. Colostomy or ileostomy can bypass affected parts if they are distal to (come after) the stoma. For instance, if only the colon is affected, an ileostomy may be helpful.
Substance use is also often associated with premature ageing, fertility complications, brain damage and a higher risk of infectious diseases due to a weakened immune system. [15] [16] Long-term use has been linked to personality changes such as depression, paranoia, anxiety which can be related to psychological disorders.
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People should be risk stratified using a MELD Score or Child-Pugh score. These scores are used to evaluate the severity of the liver disease based on several lab values. The greater the score, the more severe the disease. Abstinence: Stopping further alcohol consumption is the number one factor for recovery in patients with alcoholic hepatitis ...