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In a study from Norway the most common cause was falls and the relative incidence of cervical spine fracture increased significantly with age. [1] Sports that involve violent physical contact carry a risk of cervical fracture, including American football, association football (especially the goalkeeper), ice hockey, rugby, and wrestling.
Occipito-cervical junction This disorder may result from rheumatoid arthritis, causing the hypermobility of the connection between the neck and head, resulting in paralysis or pain. [6] Cerebrovascular disease Cerebrovascular disease is a type of cervical spine disorder that can cause tetraplegia. [7] Subaxial cervical spine [8] Atlanto-axial joint
Hanging can cause injury to the cervical spine, as may occur in attempted suicide. [76] Military conflicts are another cause, and when they occur they are associated with increased rates of SCI. [77] Another potential cause of SCI is iatrogenic injury, caused by an improperly done medical procedure such as an injection into the spinal column. [78]
Central cord syndrome (CCS) is the most common form of cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). It is characterized by loss of power and sensation in arms and hands. It usually results from trauma which causes damage to the neck, leading to major injury to the central corticospinal tract of the spinal cord. [1]
About one in 20 cervical fractures are missed and about two-thirds of these patients have further spinal-cord damage as a result. About 30% of cases of delayed diagnosis of cervical spine injury develop permanent neurological deficits. In high-level cervical injuries, total paralysis from the neck can result.
The C2 fracture accounts for nearly 19% of spinal fractures [10] and 55% of cervical fractures (in patients with head injury). Within C2 fractures, the hangman's fracture accounts for 23% of occurrences while the odontoid or dens fracture accounts for 55% of them.