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The name of the government in the Constitution of Australia is the "Government of the Commonwealth". [15] This was the name used in many early federal government publications. [16] However, in 1965 Robert Menzies indicated his preference for the name "Australian Government" in order to prevent confusion with the new Commonwealth of Nations. [17]
As of December 2023, there are 1,334 government entities reportable to the Australian Government Organisations Register. This includes: [2] [3] 191 "principal" entities, including non-corporate Commonwealth entities (such as the 20 cabinet departments), corporate Commonwealth entities, and Commonwealth companies
The current federal government structure was established in 1901 by the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, 1901. The first three national elections resulted in minority governments. The world’s first ever Labor Party Prime Minister took office in Australia in 1904, though Labor governed in minority.
The Parliament of Australia (officially the Parliament of the Commonwealth [4] and also known as the Federal Parliament) is the federal legislature of Australia.It consists of three elements: the monarch of Australia (represented by the governor-general), the Senate (the upper house), and the House of Representatives (the lower house). [4]
The Australian Constitution sets down the powers and responsibilities of many of the institutions of the Australian Commonwealth. However, the prime minister, the cabinet and the other principles of responsible government are not explicitly mentioned in the document, along with most of the realities of exercise of executive power.
Australian government debt, about $963 billion in June 2022, exceeds 45.1% of the country's total GDP, and is the world's eighth-highest. [327] Australia had the second-highest level of household debt in the world in 2020, after Switzerland. [328] Its house prices are among the highest in the world, especially in the large urban areas. [329]
The Australian heads of government include the prime minister of Australia, the premiers of the six states of Australia, and the chief ministers of the two self-governing territories of Australia. Current heads of government
For other aspects of the political process in Australia see category:Politics of Australia. Pages in this category should be moved to subcategories where applicable. This category may require frequent maintenance to avoid becoming too large.