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In chemistry, bond energy (BE) is one measure of the strength of a chemical bond. It is sometimes called the mean bond , bond enthalpy , average bond enthalpy , or bond strength . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] IUPAC defines bond energy as the average value of the gas-phase bond-dissociation energy (usually at a temperature of 298.15 K) for all bonds of the ...
In physics and chemistry, binding energy is the smallest amount of energy required to remove a particle from a system of particles or to disassemble a system of particles into individual parts. [1] In the former meaning the term is predominantly used in condensed matter physics , atomic physics , and chemistry, whereas in nuclear physics the ...
Such thermal energy manifests itself, however, in changes in the non-chemical state variables (such as temperature, pressure, volume) of the joint systems, as well as the changes in the mole numbers of the chemical constituents that describe the chemical reaction. [citation needed] Internal energy is defined with respect to some standard state.
The term bond-dissociation energy is similar to the related notion of bond-dissociation enthalpy (or bond enthalpy), which is sometimes used interchangeably.However, some authors make the distinction that the bond-dissociation energy (D 0) refers to the enthalpy change at 0 K, while the term bond-dissociation enthalpy is used for the enthalpy change at 298 K (unambiguously denoted DH° 298).
A force field is the collection of parameters to describe the physical interactions between atoms or physical units (up to ~10 8) using a given energy expression. The term force field characterizes the collection of parameters for a given interatomic potential (energy function) and is often used within the computational chemistry community. [50]
A graphical representation of the semi-empirical binding energy formula. The binding energy per nucleon in MeV (highest numbers in yellow, in excess of 8.5 MeV per nucleon) is plotted for various nuclides as a function of Z, the atomic number (y-axis), vs. N, the number of neutrons (x-axis). The highest numbers are seen for Z = 26 (iron).
some form of energy of a substance (for chemistry enthalpy H is common), entropy of a substance S; the electronegativity of an atom or chemical bond χ. Usually the symbol for the quantity with a subscript of some reference to the quantity is used, or the quantity is written with the reference to the chemical in round brackets.
A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+.The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table.