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Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a rare neuromuscular disease characterized by irregular, involuntary muscle contractions on one side (hemi-) of the face (-facial). [1] The facial muscles are controlled by the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve), which originates at the brainstem and exits the skull below the ear where it separates into five main branches.
Hemifacial spasm, psychological disorders, and TMJ disorders (such as bruxism or spontaneous condylar dislocation) are included in the differential diagnosis. [1]
Spasm means "uncontrolled muscle contraction". The term blepharospasm ['blef-a-ro-spaz-m] can be applied to any abnormal blinking or eyelid tic or twitch resulting from any cause, ranging from dry eyes to Tourette's syndrome to tardive dyskinesia. The blepharospasm referred to here is officially called benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) to ...
The Chvostek sign (/ ˈ k v ɒ s t ɪ k /) is a clinical sign that someone may have a low blood calcium level (a decreased serum calcium, called hypocalcemia).The Chvostek sign is the abnormal twitching of muscles that are activated (innervated) by the facial nerve (also known as Cranial Nerve Seven, or CNVII). [1]
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by involuntary contraction of facial muscles, typically occurring only on one side of the face. Like blepharospasm, the frequency of contractions in hemifacial spasm may range from intermittent to frequent and constant. The unilateral blepharospasm of HFS may interfere with routine tasks such as driving.
One disease that may be difficult to exclude in the differential diagnosis is the involvement of the facial nerve in infections with the herpes zoster virus. The major differences in this condition are the presence of small blisters, or vesicles , on the external ear, significant pain in the jaw, ear, face, and/or neck, and hearing disturbances ...
Microvascular decompression (MVD), also known as the Jannetta procedure, [1] is a neurosurgical procedure used to treat trigeminal neuralgia (along with other cranial nerve neuralgias), a pain syndrome characterized by severe episodes of intense facial pain, and hemifacial spasm.
Facial synkinesis is a common sequela to Idiopathic Facial Nerve Paralysis, also called Bell's Palsy or Facial Palsy. [2] Bell's Palsy, which is thought to occur due to a viral reactivation which can lead (through unknown mechanisms) to diffuse axon demyelination and degeneration of the seventh cranial nerve, results in a hemifacial paralysis due to non-functionality of the nerve.