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Bagpipes are a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipes are well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia, around the Persian Gulf and northern parts of South Asia.
The great Highland bagpipe actually has four reeds: the chanter reed (double), two tenor drone reeds (single), and one bass drone reed (single). A modern set has a bag, a chanter, a blowpipe, two tenor drones, and one bass drone. The scale of the chanter is in Mixolydian mode, which has a flattened seventh scale degree.
The musette de cour or baroque musette is a musical instrument of the bagpipe family. Visually, the musette is characterised by the short, cylindrical shuttle-drone and the two chalumeaux. Both the chanters and the drones have a cylindrical bore and use a double reed, giving a quiet tone similar to the oboe. The instrument is blown by a bellows.
The sruti upanga ("drone bagpipe", or bhazana-śruti, [1] druthi, [2] or nosbug [3]) is a type of bagpipe played in Tamil Nadu, southern India. [4] The instrument was often used to supply a drone to accompany mukha vina (Tamil oboe) music. [5] The instrument was described by Charles Russel Day (1860-1900):
The musette bressane (or mezeta, mus'ta, voire cabrette, brette or tchievra) is a type of bagpipe native to the historic French province of Bresse, in eastern France.. The instrument consists of one chanter with a double reed and conical bore, a high drone set in the same stock (which may have a single, or rarely a double, reeded drone), and a large bass drone with a single reed.
The drones connect to the stock, as do the regulators (see full set below). The stock and drones are laid across the right thigh. This is distinct from other forms of bagpipes, in which the drones are usually carried over the shoulder or over the right arm. The drones can be switched off. This is made possible by a key connected to the stock.
Schweizer Sackpfeife (Swiss bagpipe): In Switzerland, the Sackpfiffe was a common instrument in the folk music from the Middle Ages to the early 18th century, documented by iconography and in written sources. It had one or two drones and one chanter with double reeds.
The muchosa is a type of bagpipe dating back to the late 13th century in Hainaut, Belgium and northern France, where it is known as the pipasso. [1] [2] The muchosa has a chanter with a conical bore and double reed, pitched to B-flat. [1] It has two single-reed drones. [1]