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Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiac MRI, CMR), also known as cardiovascular MRI, is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology used for non-invasive assessment of the function and structure of the cardiovascular system. [2]
Laminar flow is present in the true lumen (closed arrow) and helical flow is present in the false lumen (open arrow). [1] Magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) is an experimental method to obtain velocity fields in fluid mechanics.
In order to further allow for proper velocity quantification, especially in clinical applications where the velocity dynamic range of flow is high (e.g. blood flow velocities in vessels across the thoracoabdominal cavity), a dual-echo PC-MRI (DEPC) method with dual velocity encoding in the same repetition time has been developed. [5]
In order to replicate the flow velocities that occur in individual patients a PC-MRI is taken. The PC-MRI can be taken be 1D, 3D, or 4D. 1D PC-MRIs only capture the velocity in one direction, typically axially with the inlet. A 4D PC-MRI can capture the axial through plane velocity, as well as orthogonal in plane velocities.
Examples of quantitative MRI methods are: T1-mapping (notably used in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging [124]) T2-mapping [125] Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) Quantitative fluid flow MRI (i.e. some cerebrospinal fluid flow MRI [126]) Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) [127]
Apical four chamber ultrasound view of heart. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) uses ultrasonic waves for continuous heart chamber and blood movement visualization. It is the most commonly used imaging tool for diagnosing heart problems, as it allows non-invasive visualization of the heart and the blood flow through the heart, using a technique known as Doppler.
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Phase contrast MRI (PC-MRI) is used to measure flow velocities in the body. It is used mainly to measure blood flow in the heart and throughout the body. PC-MRI may be considered a method of magnetic resonance velocimetry. Since modern PC-MRI typically is time-resolved, it also may be referred to as 4-D imaging (three spatial dimensions plus ...