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L-α-Glycerophosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC, choline alfoscerate, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a natural choline compound found in the brain. It is also a parasympathomimetic acetylcholine precursor [ 1 ] which has been investigated for its potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease [ 2 ] and other dementias .
Alpha-GPC – L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine has been studied only in the context of cognitive performance alongside other substances such as caffeine. [35] Choline bitartrate – Choline bitartrate is a tartaric acid salt containing choline (41% choline by molecular weight). One meta-analysis found choline bitartrate to be ineffective at ...
Choline is a quaternary ammonium cation.The cholines are a family of water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds. [2] Choline is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine residue having three methyl groups attached to the same nitrogen atom.
While most patients take GLP-1 drugs with few or no serious side effects, it's common to experience at least mild gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, constipation, and ...
Anticholinergics generally have antisialagogue effects (decreasing saliva production), and most produce some level of sedation, both being advantageous in surgical procedures. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Until the beginning of the 20th century, anticholinergic drugs were widely used to treat psychiatric disorders.
The name Belladonna, meaning beautiful ladies, was derived from women using berry juice from the plant cosmetically to dilate their pupils. [ 4 ] The mydriatic effect was studied by the German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge (1795-1867), in which the active ingredient, atropine , was first discovered by Vaquelin in 1809 and was first isolated ...
Therefore, 10 grams of lecithin can be a source for the body to produce about the same amount of choline (342mg) as can be produced by the body from 2 egg yolks. [21] [22] [19] The recommended intake of choline varies depending on age, sex, and physiological conditions, and is roughly 500 mg per day for adults. [23] [24]
Muscarinic antagonist effects and muscarinic agonist effects counterbalance each other for homeostasis. Certain muscarinic antagonists can be classified into either long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists ( LAMA s) or short-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists ( SAMA s), depending on when maximum effect occurs and for how long the effect ...