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If the tear duct is not cleared by the time the newborn is 1 year old, surgery may be required. [4] Postnatal measures include: Use of 1% tetracycline ointment, 0.5% erythromycin ointment, or 1-2% silver nitrate solution (Credé's method) into the eyes of babies immediately after birth. [6]
It may also be used during pregnancy to prevent Group B streptococcal infection in the newborn, [1] and to improve delayed stomach emptying. [3] It can be given intravenously and by mouth. [1] An eye ointment is routinely recommended after delivery to prevent eye infections in the newborn. [4]
Credé prophylaxis is the practice of washing a newborn's eyes with a 2% silver nitrate solution to protect against neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, thereby preventing blindness.
Occasionally erythromycin ophthalmic ointment is recommended. [20] Other antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol or amoxicillin may also be used. [ 21 ] Chloramphenicol is used successfully in many parts of the world, but contains a black box warning in the United States due to concerns about aplastic anemia , which on rare occasions can be fatal.
Figure 1.0 - Basic anatomical features of the human eye. Ophthalmic drug administration is the administration of a drug to the eyes, most typically as an eye drop formulation. Topical formulations are used to combat a multitude of diseased states of the eye. These states may include bacterial infections, eye injury, glaucoma, and dry eye. [1]
A medical professional administering nose drops Instillation of eye drops. A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. [1]
Using an oil-free face moisturizer in conjunction with erythromycin/benzoyl peroxide is recommended. Erythromycin/benzoyl peroxide was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1984. [ 2 ] On March 30, 2004, a generic form of Benzamycin was released by pharmaceutical company Atrix Laboratories .
Bacitracin/polymyxin B (trade name Polysporin among others) is a topical antibiotic cream or ointment. [1] The active ingredients are polymyxin B, bacitracin and occasionally garamycin or gramicidin.