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  2. Acid strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_strength

    Sulfonic acids, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid (tosylic acid) are a class of strong organic oxyacids. [7] Some sulfonic acids can be isolated as solids. Polystyrene functionalized into polystyrene sulfonate is an example of a substance that is a solid strong acid.

  3. Carborane acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carborane_acid

    Carborane acids H(CXB 11 Y 5 Z 6) (X, Y, Z = H, Alk, F, Cl, Br, CF 3) are a class of superacids, [1] some of which are estimated to be at least one million times stronger than 100% pure sulfuric acid in terms of their Hammett acidity function values (H 0 ≤ –18) and possess computed pK a values well below –20, establishing them as some of the strongest known Brønsted acids.

  4. pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH

    When an acid is dissolved in water, the pH will be less than 7, while a base, or alkali, will have a pH greater than 7. A strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, at concentration 1 mol dm −3 has a pH of 0, while a strong alkali like sodium hydroxide, at the same concentration, has a pH of 14. Since pH is a logarithmic scale, a difference of ...

  5. Lewis acids and bases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_acids_and_bases

    Lewis acids and bases are commonly classified according to their hardness or softness. In this context hard implies small and nonpolarizable and soft indicates larger atoms that are more polarizable. typical hard acids: H +, alkali/alkaline earth metal cations, boranes, Zn 2+ typical soft acids: Ag +, Mo(0), Ni(0), Pt 2+

  6. Leveling effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leveling_effect

    When a strong acid is dissolved in water, it reacts with it to form hydronium ion (H 3 O +). [2] An example of this would be the following reaction, where "HA" is the strong acid: HA + H 2 O → A − + H 3 O + Any acid that is stronger than H 3 O + reacts with H 2 O to form H 3 O +. Therefore, no acid stronger than H 3 O + exists in H 2 O.

  7. Superacid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superacid

    A strong superacid of this kind is fluoroantimonic acid. Another group of superacids, the carborane acid group, contains some of the strongest known acids. Finally, when treated with anhydrous acid, zeolites (microporous aluminosilicate minerals) will contain superacidic sites within their pores.

  8. List of acids by Hammett acidity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acids_by_hammett...

    This article was nominated for deletion. The discussion was closed on 26 December 2024 with a consensus to merge the content into the article Hammett acidity function.If you find that such action has not been taken promptly, please consider assisting in the merger instead of re-nominating the article for deletion.

  9. Hydrochloric acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid

    Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.