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Breast reconstruction using the latissimus dorsi muscle and an implant. This is an example of a pedicled musculocutaneous flap. Musculocutaneous and muscle flaps contain a layer of muscle to provide bulk that can fill a deeper defect. If skin cover is needed, a skin graft can be placed over top of it.
The flap allows for 1) passive drainage of the pleural space and 2) negative pressure to develop in the thoracic cavity due to it being easier for air to escape than to enter the chest. The lung can then expand to the chest wall and seal the inner opening of the flap. [3] Other surgeons have subsequently proposed modifications to the procedure. [6]
Perforator flap surgery is a technique used in reconstructive surgery where skin and/or subcutaneous fat are removed from a distant or adjacent part of the body to reconstruct the excised part. [1] The vessels that supply blood to the flap are isolated perforator(s) derived from a deep vascular system through the underlying muscle or ...
Free flaps are usually only done if a TRAM flap is not possible. Plastic surgeons usually perform these surgeries. Patients with Bell's palsy can have their face re-animated using "free functioning muscle flaps". Hand reconstruction: Reconstruction of paralyzed face or hand using functioning free muscle flaps. Head and Neck reconstruction:
Fibular flap: Osteocutaneous: Free flap: Mandible reconstruction Gastrocnemius flap: Muscle: Interpolation: Open tibial fractures: Hatchett design flap: Cutaneous: Advancement: Forehead excisions/defects Inferior gluteal artery perforator (IGAP) flap [4] Cutaneous: Free flap: Free flap breast reconstruction: Karapandzic flap: Cutaneous ...
The length and angle of each flap are usually the same to avoid mismatched flaps that may be difficult to close. Some possible complications of Z-plasty include flap necrosis, haematoma (blood clot) formation under the flaps, wound infection, trapdoor effect and sloughing (necrosis) of the flap caused by wound tension and inadequate blood supply.
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In medicine, an avulsion is an injury in which a body structure is torn off by either trauma or surgery (from the Latin avellere, meaning "to tear off"). [1] The term most commonly refers to a surface trauma where all layers of the skin have been torn away, exposing the underlying structures (i.e., subcutaneous tissue, muscle, tendons, or bone).