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According to ESHRE guidelines, recurrent miscarriage is defined as 3 or more pregnancy losses before the third trimester (~22 weeks of gestation) and has many etiologies, including many that stem from immune dysfunction, most of which can be treated with immunosuppressive medications [16]
Treatment of autoimmune disease can be broadly classified into anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and palliative – i.e., correcting a functional disturbance related to the condition. [8] Some medications used to treat autoimmune diseases might not be safe to use during pregnancy. [2] [8]
In the case of an autoimmune-induced miscarriage, the woman's body attacks the growing fetus or prevents normal pregnancy progression. [9] [94] Autoimmune disease may cause abnormalities in embryos, which in turn may lead to miscarriage. As an example, coeliac disease increases the risk of miscarriage by an odds ratio of approximately 1.4.
Antiphospholipid syndrome: The antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease that is a common cause of recurrent pregnancy loss. [34] [15] Around 15% of the women who have recurrent miscarriages have high levels of antiphospholipid antibodies. [34]
A key difference is a malfunction of the innate immune system in autoinflammatory diseases, whereas in autoimmune diseases there is a malfunction of the adaptive immune system. [ 8 ] Symptoms of autoimmune diseases can significantly vary, primarily based on the specific type of the disease and the body part that it affects.
Mycophenolate is increasingly utilized as a steroid sparing treatment in autoimmune diseases and similar immune-mediated disorders including Behçet's disease, pemphigus vulgaris, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, small vessel vasculitides, and psoriasis. [20] It is also used for retroperitoneal fibrosis along with a number of other medications. [21]
This article provides a list of autoimmune diseases. These conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, affect a range of organs and systems within the body. Each disorder is listed with the primary organ or body part that it affects and the associated autoantibodies that are typically found in people diagnosed ...
Cyclophosphamide (Baxter's Cytoxan) is probably the most potent immunosuppressive compound. In small doses, it is very efficient in the therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune hemolytic anemias, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and other immune diseases. High doses cause pancytopenia and hemorrhagic cystitis.
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