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Allometric engineering is the process of experimentally shifting the scaling relationships, for body size or shape, in a population of organisms. More specifically, the process of experimentally breaking the tight covariance evident among component traits of a complex phenotype by altering the variance of one trait relative to another.
Allometric scaling is any change that deviates from isometry. A classic example discussed by Galileo in his Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences is the skeleton of mammals. The skeletal structure becomes much stronger and more robust relative to the size of the body as the body size increases. [ 13 ]
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The square–cube law was first mentioned in Two New Sciences (1638).. The square–cube law (or cube–square law) is a mathematical principle, applied in a variety of scientific fields, which describes the relationship between the volume and the surface area as a shape's size increases or decreases.
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Examples of algorithms for this task include New Edge-Directed Interpolation (NEDI), [1] [2] Edge-Guided Image Interpolation (EGGI), [3] Iterative Curvature-Based Interpolation (ICBI), [citation needed] and Directional Cubic Convolution Interpolation (DCCI). [4] A study found that DCCI had the best scores in PSNR and SSIM on a series of test ...
The scaling is uniform if and only if the scaling factors are equal (v x = v y = v z). If all except one of the scale factors are equal to 1, we have directional scaling. In the case where v x = v y = v z = k, scaling increases the area of any surface by a factor of k 2 and the volume of any solid object by a factor of k 3.
The nominal stress = is the transpose of the first Piola–Kirchhoff stress (PK1 stress, also called engineering stress) and is defined via = = = or = = = This stress is unsymmetric and is a two-point tensor like the deformation gradient.