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Adapalene, sold under the brand name Differin among others, is a third-generation topical retinoid primarily used in the treatment of mild-moderate acne, and is also used off-label to treat keratosis pilaris as well as other skin conditions. [6] Studies have found adapalene is as effective as other retinoids, while causing less irritation. [7]
The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. It does not include any risks conferred by pharmaceutical agents or their metabolites in breast milk .
Use during pregnancy is contraindicated due to the risk of birth defects. [8] [1] It is in the retinoid family of medications. [9] Tretinoin was patented in 1957 and approved for medical use in 1962. [13] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [14] Tretinoin is available as a generic medication. [15]
Acne is a skin condition characterized by clogged pores. When pores get clogged, it causes red lesions — which you know as pimples — to form on the face or other areas of the body, especially ...
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Before 2015, tazarotene was considered a Category X drug (meaning its use was contraindicated during pregnancy) according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, despite demonstrating similar plasma retinoid levels as adapalene and tretinoin, which were classified as Category C drugs. [12]
The basic structure of the hydrophobic retinoid molecule consists of a cyclic end group, a polyene side chain and a polar end group. The conjugated system formed by alternating C=C double bonds in the polyene side chain are responsible for the color of retinoids (typically yellow, orange, or red).
Topical nicotinamide and topical zinc are safe, however, there are no FDA pregnancy category ratings. [27] [28] Topical salicylic acid and topical dapsone are classified as FDA pregnancy category C. [23] [28] Acne medications to avoid during pregnancy include oral isotretinoin and topical tazarotene as there have been reports of birth defects.