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Ground-level ozone (O 3), also known as surface-level ozone and tropospheric ozone, is a trace gas in the troposphere (the lowest level of the Earth's atmosphere), with an average concentration of 20–30 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), with close to 100 ppbv in polluted areas.
Ground-level ozone and particulate matter originate from different sources and human activities such as power plants and refineries that pollute the environment around the affected area. [2] With limited dispersion and a lack of atmospheric mixing, the amount of pollutants increase and stay stagnant for days. [ 2 ]
Ground-level ozone pollution (tropospheric ozone) is produced near the Earth's surface by the action of daylight UV rays on these precursors. The ozone at ground level is primarily from fossil fuel precursors, but methane is a natural precursor, and the very low natural background level of ozone at ground level is considered safe. This section ...
In South East England, ground level ozone pollution tends to be highest in the countryside and in suburbs, while in central London and on major roads NO emissions are able to "mop up" ozone to form NO 2 and oxygen. [31]
Ground-level ozone (O 3): Ozone is created when NOx and VOCs mix. [84] Photochemical and chemical reactions involving it fuel many of the chemical activities that occur in the atmosphere during the day and night.
In April 2023, the EPA finalized its "Good Neighbor Plan", which phases in tighter standards for NO x, using a cap and trade system during the summer "ozone season". This is intended to reduce ground-level ozone in non-attainment areas downwind of industrial sources like power plants, incinerators, and industrial furnaces, often in other states ...
Triatomic oxygen (ozone, O 3) is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is a pale blue gas at standard temperature and pressure. Liquid and solid O 3 have a deeper blue color than ordinary O 2, and they are unstable and explosive. [5] [6] In its gas phase, ozone is destructive to materials like rubber and fabric and is damaging to lung tissue ...
Pesticides that are sprayed on to fields and used to fumigate soil can give off chemicals called volatile organic compounds, which can react with other chemicals and form a pollutant called ground level ozone. Pesticide use accounts for about 6 percent of total ground level ozone levels. [56]