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Ali ibn Abi Talib (601-661 CE) is recognized as the fourth Sunni caliph and the first Shia imam. Shia and some Sunni sources introduce Ali as the only person born inside the Ka'ba, the ancient shrine in the city of Mecca which later became the most sacred site in Islam.
Ali ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: عَلِيُّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب, romanized: ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib; c. 600–661 CE) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from 656 CE to 661, as well as the first Shia imam. Born to Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Fatima bint Asad ...
Birth of Hasan ibn Ali, the second Shia Imam. Battle of Uhud: Ali destroyed the standard bearers and when the army of Islam was defeated and most of the Muslims had fled Ali was one of the few Muslims who defended Muhammad. Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews from Medina. [1] 626: Birth of Husayn ibn Ali, the third Shia Imam. Expedition of Banu ...
13th of Rajab, birthday of the first Imam of Shiites, Ali ibn Abi Talib, a day of celebration. Imam Ali Shrine, 1 May 2015 (13 Rajab 1436 AH).. 23 before Hijrah — Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first Imam of the Shiites, the fourth caliph of Islam, born in the year of 23 before Hijrah of Muhammad the founder of the world religion of Islam, 30th year after the Year of the Elephant (13 September 601) [1]
Ali was born in Medina in 765 (148 AH), 768 (151 AH), or 770 (153 AH). [4] [1] The first date is said to be based on a prediction ascribed to his grandfather, al-Sadiq, who died in that year, that the successor to his son al-Kazim would be born soon. [1] There are some indications that Ali might have been born as late 159 AH. [1]
Ali, a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was the first of the Twelve Imams, and, in the Twelvers view, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Al-Husayn, who was the brother of Al-Hasan.
During his rule, Ali found a loyal following who regarded him as the best of Muslims after Muhammad and the only one entitled to the caliphate. Nevertheless, this following remained a minority. [34] [53] Instead, what united Kufans after Ali was their opposition to Syrian domination, [54] or the highhanded rule of his archenemy Mu'awiya. [34]
Ali himself succeeded to the caliphate in 656 but his rule was immediately challenged by multiple pretenders and he was assassinated in 661. In Shia belief, Ali inherited Muhammad's political and religious authority, even before his ascension to the caliphate in 656. In Shia theology, Ali also inherited the esoteric knowledge of Muhammad.