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The Treaty of Saigon was signed on 15 March 1874 by the Third French Republic and the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam. Vietnam made economic and territorial concessions to France, while France waived a previous war indemnity and promised military protection against China. The treaty effectively made Vietnam a protectorate of France.
The 1880s also saw escalating French mobilization and conquest of the whole Vietnam undertaken by the new Republican Prime minister of the French Republic Jules Ferry. The Chinese Empire sent 30,000 troops to northern Vietnam in early 1882. France sent its army led by Henri Rivière to Hanoi in March and captured it on 25 April. [30]
Vietnam's ethnic mosaic results from the peopling process in which various peoples came and settled the territory, leading to the modern state of Vietnam by many stages, often separated by thousands of years over a duration of tens of thousands of years. Vietnam's entire history, thus, is an embroidery of polyethnicity. [14]
In 1878, Vietnam renewed relations with Thailand. [135] In 1880, Britain, Germany, and Spain were still debating the fate of Vietnam, and the Chinese Embassy in Paris openly rejected the 1874 Franco-Vietnamese agreement. In Paris, Prime Minister Jules Ferry proposed a direct military campaign against Vietnam to revise the 1874 treaty. Because ...
This is a timeline of Vietnamese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Vietnam and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Vietnam. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Prehistory ...
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Dragon Ascending: Vietnam and the Vietnamese. Arcade Publishing (1996). ISBN 978-1-55970-306-2. Les Missions Etrangères. Trois siecles et demi d'histoire et d'aventure en Asie Editions Perrin (2008). ISBN 978-2-262-02571-7. McLeod, Mark W. The Vietnamese Response to French Intervention, 1862–1874. Greenwood Publishing Group (1991).
On 10 November 1880, the Chinese ambassador in Paris announced that Dai Nam was still a vassal of China and rejected the Franco-Vietnamese treaty of 1874. In the next year, the Qing sent an envoy to Vietnam to negotiate trade relationship. [16] Siam and Vietnam renewed their relationship in 1878. In 1880, Tu Duc welcomed an Italian trade ...