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Igbo-Ukwu, originally known as Igbo-Nkwo, [3] was the capital of the Kingdom of Nri beginning in the 8th or 9th century CE. [4] [5] It was the center of an extensive trade system linking the town with Gao on the Niger bend and, through there, to Egypt and North Africa. [6]
Igbo-Ukwu, a part of the kingdom about 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of Nri itself, practiced bronze casting techniques using elephant-head motifs. [2] [5] The bronzes of Igbo-Ukwu are often compared to those of Ife and Benin, but they come from a different tradition and are associated with the eze Nri by descendants of Eri. [10]
The archaeology of Igbo-Ukwu is the study of an archaeological site located in a town of the same name: Igbo-Ukwu, an Igbo town in Anambra State in southeastern Nigeria.As a result of these findings, three excavation areas at Igbo-Ukwu were opened in 1959 and 1964 by Charles Thurstan Shaw: Igbo Richard, Igbo Isaiah, and Igbo Jonah.
He founded the kingdom and created the capital city of Igbo-Ukwu. He controlled a number of settlements around Nri such as Enugu-ukwu , Nneofia , Enugu Agidi , Nimo , Nibo , Nisi and Agulu . He insisted that settlements live in peace and created rules for maintaining that peace.
The Igbo-Ukwu artifacts are now housed in various museums, including the Nigerian National Museum in Lagos. Glass production: Igbo-Ukwu has one of the oldest glass productions in West Africa. The archeology of Igbo-Ukwu had over 600 prestige objects including complex cast copper-alloy sculptures and more than 165,000 glass and carnelian beads. [58]
The history of Awka-Etiti before 1900 is not recorded in writing but rather rooted in oral tradition and mythology. Based on the discovery and archaeological excavation of sites dated to the first millennium AD in Igbo-Ukwu just 2 km from Awka-Etiti, [5] it is certain that the area has been populated by the Igbo earlier than the ninth century.
Ethnoreligious violence between Igbo Christians, and Hausa/Fulani Muslims in Eastern and Northern Nigeria, triggers a migration of the Igbo back to the East. 1967: May 30: General Emeka Ojukwu, Military Governor of Eastern Nigeria, declares his province an independent republic called Biafra, and the Nigerian Civil War or Nigerian-Biafran War ...
Every Igbo family, kindred (Ụmụ-Ọkala), village, town or kingdom respects the symbolism of the Obi. The Obi, in all its essence, represents the socio-political and spiritual centre of the people's link to their ancestry. At the central level is the Oshiobi-ukwu - the foremost of all the Obi's.