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They are often loosely called "hammerhead worms" or "broadhead planarians" because of the distinctive shape of their head region. Land planarians are unique in that they possess a "creeping sole", a highly ciliated region on the ventral epidermis that helps them to creep over the substrate. [ 2 ]
Bipalium vagum, the wandering hammerhead worm, is a land planarian in the subfamily Bipaliinae. It has been accidentally introduced in the United States, Bermuda and various islands in the Caribbean [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and was recorded for the first time in Europe, in Italy, in 2021.
Bipalium kewense, also known as the shovel-headed garden worm, is a species of large predatory land planarian with a cosmopolitan distribution. [1] [2] It is sometimes referred to as a "hammerhead flatworm" due to its half-moon-shaped head, but this name is also used to refer to other species in the subfamily Bipaliinae.
A hammerhead worm, also known as a broadhead planarian, demonstrates toxicity with bold coloration. The worm favors warm and damp habitats. - Bazzano Photography/Alamy Stock Photo
Some species of hammerhead worms produce a type of neurotoxin called tetrofotoxin to hunt creatures such as earthworms. They will paralyze a worm with the neurotoxin (found in the mucus secreted ...
Several hammerhead flatworms have become invasive, the most famous being Bipalium kewense, now in many countries in all continents except the Antarctica.A 2022 study used occurrence records from online databases, including iNaturalist, and climatic and soil variable to model the potential distribution of five species of hammerhead flatworms, namely B. kewense, B. adventitium, B ...
As its name would imply, the narrow, snakelike flatworm has a head built like that of a hammerhead shark. Although they are ravenous earthworm hunters, hammerheads are coated in the same paralytic ...
Most adult individuals of B. adventitium are 5–8 cm (2.0–3.1 in) in length. The head is expanded and fan-shaped, being easily distinguishable from other common species of Bipalium, such as Bipalium kewense and Bipalium pennsylvanicum, because these have a head in the shape of a half moon. [1]