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Controlled airspace usually exists in the immediate vicinity of busier airports, where aircraft used in commercial air transport flights are climbing out from or making an approach to the airport, or at higher levels where air transport flights would tend to cruise. Some countries also provide controlled airspace almost generally, however in ...
FIRs are the largest regular division of airspace in use in the world today, and have existed at least since 1947. [2] [3] Smaller countries' airspace is encompassed by a single FIR; larger countries' airspace is subdivided into a number of regional FIRs. [4] [5] Some FIRs encompass the territorial airspace of several countries. [6]
Controlled airspace is a generic term that covers the different classifications of airspace and defined dimensions within which air traffic control (ATC) service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification. Controlled airspace consists of: [14] Class A; Class B; Class C; Class D; Class E; Airspace classes in the United States
Area control centers (ACCs) control IFR air traffic in their flight information region (FIR). The current list of FIRs and ACCs is maintained by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The following is the alphabetic list of all ACCs and their FIRs as of October 2011:
Airspace controlled by Russia outside the territory of Russia has different division into classes and includes redefined Class A and Class G, but no class C airspace. [ 11 ] Specific boundaries of airspaces are determined by the Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation #199 of September 15, 2010.
Control areas are established in any areas when the density of air traffic is high: [2] An airway is a case of a "control area or portion of thereof established in the form of a corridor". [3] Terminal Control Area is "a control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes." [1] [3]
A control area (CTA) is often placed between a CTR and nearby airways to give uninterrupted controlled airspace to airways arrivals and departures. In Germany, control zones are a special type of class D airspace, called D (CTR). The main difference to the regular German class D airspace is, that within a CTR there is a minimum required cloud ...
Civil IFR flights in class G airspace. [6] Canada: Uncontrolled IFR at or above 18,000 ft MSL. [7] ICAO countries: Code squawked when entering a secondary surveillance radar (SSR) area from a non-SSR area used as uncontrolled IFR flight squawk code. [1] EASA countries