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The Japanese National Pension (Kokumin Nenkin (国民年金)) is a pension system that all registered residents of Japan, both Japanese and foreign, are required to enroll in. Since January 1, 2010, it has been managed by the Japan Pension Service .
The National Pension system, which is administered by the Japan Pension Service, is the state pension program, and all registered residents aged 20 to 59, both Japanese citizens and legal foreign residents, are obliged to contribute to it. Contributions are deducted from employee paychecks, while the self-employed pay a set amount.
So this Japanese system of elderly dependence on both national pension and corporate pension has led to an increase in relative poverty as some of them do not have access to corporate pensions. Lastly, Japan is facing an aging population. Between 1975 and 1980, the fertility rate in Japan was 1.83 children per woman (OECD average − 2.26).
Social expenditure of Japan. Japan also has comparatively low social spending: among the OECD countries in 1995, Japan spent only 14.0% of its GDP on social expenditures, lower than many other OECD countries: this figure compares to 15.4% in the US, 20.4% in the UK, 19.8% in Italy, 26.6% in Germany, 28.3% in France, and 32.5% in Sweden. [5]
The Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF) states that it has been established on the following investment principles: The overarching goal should be achieve the investment returns required for the public pension system with minimal risks, solely for the benefit of pension recipients from a long-term perspective, thereby contributing to the stability of the system.
Basic pension: Social insurance system: No, closed in 2008: N/A Armenia: Social assistance: Social insurance system: Mandatory individual accounts: Voluntary pensions Australia: Social assistance: Mandatory occupational pension system: N/A: N/A Austria: No: Social insurance system: Occupational pensions: Private pensions Bahrain: No: Social ...
The COVID-19 vaccination in Japan began on 17 February 2021, more than a month after the first anniversary of the beginning of the pandemic in the country was commemorated. As of 22 October 2021, about 96.4 million people in Japan received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, while about 86.9 million were fully vaccinated.
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