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Phenacyl chloride, also commonly known as chloroacetophenone, is a substituted acetophenone. It is a useful building block in organic chemistry . Apart from that, it has been historically used as a riot control agent , where it is designated CN . [ 5 ]
The main steps in this process are the production of chlorobenzene from benzene, hydrochloric acid and oxygen, and the subsequent hydrolysis of chlorobenzene to phenol. [4] The first step uses either a copper or iron chloride catalyst and exposes the materials to air at 200–250 °C.
When 1-[14 C]-1-chlorobenzene was subjected to aqueous NaOH at 395 °C, ipso substitution product 1-[14 C]-phenol was formed in 54% yield, while cine substitution product 2-[14 C]-phenol was formed in 43% yield, indicating that an elimination-addition (benzyne) mechanism is predominant, with perhaps a small amount of product from addition ...
Chlorobenzene can persist in soil for several months, in air for about 3.5 days, and in water for less than one day. Humans may be exposed to this agent via breathing contaminated air (primarily via occupational exposure), consuming contaminated food or water, or by coming into contact with contaminated soil (typically near hazardous waste sites).
Acetophenone is formed as a byproduct of the cumene process, the industrial route for the synthesis of phenol and acetone.In the Hock rearrangement of isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, migration of a methyl group rather than the phenyl group gives acetophenone and methanol as a result of an alternate rearrangement of the intermediate:
[citation needed] The plant initially produced shells and aerial bombs using a 95:5 mix of tabun and chlorobenzene, designated "Variant A". [inconsistent] In the latter half of the war, the plant switched to "Variant B", [inconsistent] an 80:20 mix of tabun and chlorobenzene designed for easier dispersion.
2-Naphthol can also be produced by a method analogous to the cumene process. [11] 3-Chlorophenol, which does not arise by chlorination of phenol, can be produced by cumene process beginning with the alkylation of chlorobenzene with propylene. [12] Cresols are produced from isopropyltoluene. [13]
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.