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Structural model at atomic resolution of bacteriophage T4 [1] The structure of a typical myovirus bacteriophage Anatomy and infection cycle of bacteriophage T4.. A bacteriophage (/ b æ k ˈ t ɪər i oʊ f eɪ dʒ /), also known informally as a phage (/ ˈ f eɪ dʒ /), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
Phage display is a laboratory technique for the study of protein–protein, protein–peptide, and protein–DNA interactions that uses bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to connect proteins with the genetic information that encodes them. [1]
Phage typing is a phenotypic method that uses bacteriophages ("phages" for short) for detecting and identifying single strains of bacteria. [1] Phages are viruses that infect bacteria and may lead to bacterial cell lysis. [2] The bacterial strain is assigned a type based on its lysis pattern. [3]
The only other scientist in Luria's lab at that time, with whom Watson shared a lab bench, was Renato Dulbecco (a future member of the phage group), who had recently arrived from Italy to do experiments on phage multiplicity reactivation. Later that semester (1948), Watson met, for the first time, Delbruck who was briefly visiting Luria.
Assembled major coat protein subunits in Ff (fd, f1, M13) filamentous bacteriophage (genus Inovirus), exploded view. Filamentous phage virion--schematic views. Filamentous bacteriophages are among the simplest living organisms known, with far fewer genes than the classical tailed bacteriophages studied by the phage group in the mid-20th century.
T7 has a life cycle of 17 min at 37˚C, i.e. the time from infection to the lysis of the host cell when new phages are released. Due to the short latent period, most physiological studies are conducted at 30˚C where infected cells lyse after 30 min. However, high-fitness strains of T7 have been isolated with a latent period of only ~11 min at ...
Phages can also impact abiotic factors via the encoding of exotoxins (a subset of which are capable of solubilizing the biological tissues of living animals). Phage ecosystem ecologists are primarily concerned with the phage impact on the global carbon cycle , especially within the context of a phenomenon known as the microbial loop .
The life cycle of lambda phages is controlled by cI and Cro proteins. The lambda phage will remain in the lysogenic state if cI proteins predominate, but will be transformed into the lytic cycle if cro proteins predominate. The cI dimer may bind to any of three operators, O R 1, O R 2, and O R 3, in the order O R 1 > O R 2 > O R 3.