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The sulfur atom is in the +6 oxidation state while the four oxygen atoms are each in the −2 state. The sulfate ion carries an overall charge of −2 and it is the conjugate base of the bisulfate (or hydrogensulfate) ion, HSO − 4 , which is in turn the conjugate base of H 2 SO 4 , sulfuric acid .
Structural similarity between sulfanilamide (left) and PABA (center) is the basis for the inhibitory activity of sulfa drugs on tetrahydrofolate (right) biosynthesis. Sulfonamides are used to treat allergies and coughs, as well as having antifungal and antimalarial functions.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 1 February 2025. This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Sulfur (disambiguation). Chemical element with atomic number 16 (S) Sulfur, 16 S Sulfur Alternative name Sulphur (pre-1992 British spelling) Allotropes see Allotropes of sulfur Appearance Lemon yellow sintered microcrystals ...
The difference in electronegativity between sulfur (2.58) and hydrogen (2.20) is small and therefore hydrogen bonding in thiols is not prominent. Aliphatic thiols form monolayers on gold, which are topical in nanotechnology. Certain aromatic thiols can be accessed through a Herz reaction.
Treatment of sulfur with hydrogen gives hydrogen sulfide.When dissolved in water, hydrogen sulfide is mildly acidic: [5] H 2 S ⇌ HS − + H +. Hydrogen sulfide gas and the hydrosulfide anion are extremely toxic to mammals, due to their inhibition of the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin and certain cytochromes in a manner analogous to cyanide and azide.
The sulfur dioxide then oxidized to sulfur trioxide using oxygen with vanadium(V) oxide as catalyst. 2 SO 2 + O 2 ⇌ 2 SO 3 (−198 kJ/mol) (reaction is reversible) The sulfur trioxide is hydrated into sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4: SO 3 + H 2 O → H 2 SO 4 (g) (−101 kJ/mol) The last step is the condensation of the sulfuric acid to liquid 97–98% ...
General structure of a sulfonic acid with the functional group indicated in blue. In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O) 2 (OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide. [1]
Sulfur dioxide (SO 2) protects wine not only from oxidation, but also from bacteria. [9] Organic wines are not necessarily sulfite-free, but generally have lower amounts and regulations stipulate lower maximum sulfite contents for these wines. In general, white wines contain more sulfites than red wines and sweeter wines contain more sulfites ...