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Barbiturate overdose may occur by accident or purposefully in an attempt to cause death. [3] The toxic effects are additive to those of alcohol and benzodiazepines. [3] The lethal dose varies with a person's tolerance and how the drug is taken. [3] The effects of barbiturates occur via the GABA neurotransmitter. [2]
Barbiturates in this class are not used for insomnia, because, owing to their extremely long half-life, patients would awake with a residual "hang-over" effect and feel groggy. Barbiturates can in most cases be used either as the free acid or as salts of sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, lithium, etc. Codeine- and dionine-based salts of ...
Barbiturate use can lead to both addiction and physical dependence, and as such they have a high potential for excess or non-medical use, [2] however, it does not affect all users. Management of barbiturate dependence involves considering the affected person's age, comorbidity and the pharmacological pathways of barbiturates. [3]
Signs and symptoms of an overdose vary depending on the drug or exposure to toxins. The symptoms can often be divided into differing toxidromes. This can help one determine what class of drug or toxin is causing the difficulties. Symptoms of opioid overdoses include slow breathing, heart rate and pulse. [6]
Depression of the central nervous system is generally caused by the use of depressant drugs such as ethanol, opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, general anesthetics, and anticonvulsants such as pregabalin used to treat epilepsy. [2] [3]
[citation needed] There are different stages of withdrawal as well; generally, a person will start to feel bad (crash or come down), progress to feeling worse, hit a plateau, and then the symptoms begin to dissipate. However, withdrawal from certain drugs (barbiturates, benzodiazepines, alcohol, glucocorticoids) can be fatal.
Another group of brain areas, the limbic system, may lead to feelings of fatigue, while an even deeper structure is likely responsible for the gastrointestinal symptoms. "Even though it feels like ...
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome (BZD withdrawal) is the cluster of signs and symptoms that may emerge when a person who has been taking benzodiazepines as prescribed develops a physical dependence on them and then reduces the dose or stops taking them without a safe taper schedule.