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The Dawes Rolls (or Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes, or Dawes Commission of Final Rolls) were created by the United States Dawes Commission. The commission was authorized by United States Congress in 1893 to execute the General Allotment Act of 1887 .
The final Dawes rolls constitute a record of documented ancestors of Creek Freedmen, but tribal members and historians have complained that the rolls were inaccurate. The Dawes Rolls have been used as a kind of historic records that form a recognized base for determining tribal membership.
The Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (UKB) use the Guion Miller Roll and the Dawes Rolls in order to determine eligibility for tribal citizenship. The UKB also uses the 1949 United Keetoowah Band Base Roll. The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians only uses the Baker Roll to determine eligibility for tribal ...
The United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians was federally recognized as an American Indian tribe by an Act of Congress on August 10th, 1946. [1] All individuals listed on the 1949 UKB Base Roll were identified by an April 19th, 1949 resolution that was certified by the Superintendent of the Bureau of Indian Affairs' Five Civilized Tribes Agency.
Despite documented Cherokee blood ancestry from previous rolls, Vann's father was listed only as a Freedman on the Dawes Rolls. In 2002, Vann and other Freedmen descendants founded an organization, the Descendants of Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes Association. [71] [72] [73] Vann has served as its president. [74]
In practice, enrollment in the Cherokee Nation rolls was often strongly influenced by race. During creation of the Dawes Rolls prior to allotment of tribal communal lands to households, many Freedmen and Afro-Cherokees were listed separately from Cherokee by blood, regardless of their ancestry or culture. As a result, they did not receive land ...
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