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  2. Cover test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_test

    Place the cover before the first eye in a manner that prevents the patient from viewing the target but allows you to continue seeing the covered eye [3] Observe the response of the first eye tested behind the occluder when it is first covered [3] Note: The cover/uncover component of the test is less dissociating than the alternate CT.

  3. List of optometric abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optometric...

    AC 3/4: Grade 3 anterior chamber angle: AC 2/4: Grade 2 anterior chamber angle: AC 1/4: Grade 1 anterior chamber angle: AC 0/4: Grade 0 anterior chamber angle: closed angle between cornea and iris AC/A: Accommodative convergence / Accommodation ratio the portion of the range of convergence that occurs in response to accommodation: Acc ...

  4. Eye examination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_examination

    [2] [3] Many eye conditions are associated with systemic health, and many diseases can have manifestations in the eye. Certain systematic medications can carry ocular side effects and warrant routine eye exams. [3] Personal and family history of eye diseases can help providers identify individuals at higher risk, allowing for early interventions.

  5. List of instruments used in ophthalmology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_instruments_used...

    to correct refractive errors of the eye; not invasive Contact lenses: to correct refractive errors of the eye; a little invasive Phoropter: used in refraction testing Tonometers: used to determine the intraoccular pressure (IOP) - useful in glaucoma; video link for various types of tonometers. Speculum: to keep the eyes open during any operation

  6. Confrontation visual field testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confrontation_visual_field...

    Confrontation visual field testing is an important part of a routine ophthalmological or neurological examination. It can be used for rapid and gross assessment of large-scale visual field problems due to ophthalmological or neurological diseases, such as homonymous and heteronymous hemianopias, quadranopsia, altitudinal visual loss, central/centrocecal scotoma etc. [1] [2] Test using a red ...

  7. Ophthalmoscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmoscopy

    Observing the eye's interior required alignment of the observer's vision and the light source. This was discovered by William Cumming, a young ophthalmologist at the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital , who wrote that "every eye could be made luminous if the axis from a source of illumination directed towards a person's eye and the line of vision ...

  8. Accommodation reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_reflex

    Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus. The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size.

  9. Visual acuity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_acuity

    So, distant visual acuity of 6/10 and 6/8 with pinhole in the right eye will be: DscOD 6/10 PH 6/8. Distant visual acuity of count fingers and 6/17 with pinhole in the left eye will be: DscOS CF PH 6/17. Near visual acuity of 6/8 with pinhole remaining at 6/8 in both eyes with spectacles will be: NccOU 6/8 PH 6/8.