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Italian Somaliland (Italian: Somalia Italiana; Arabic: الصومال الإيطالي, romanized: Al-Sumal Al-Italiy; Somali: Dhulka Soomaalida ee Talyaaniga) was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia, which was ruled in the 19th century by the Sultanate of Hobyo and Majeerteen in the north, and in the south by the political entities; Hiraab Imamate ...
Relations between Italy and Menelik deteriorated over the next few years until the First Italo-Ethiopian War broke out in 1895, when Crispi ordered Italian troops into the country. Vastly outnumbered and poorly equipped, [ 20 ] the result was a decisive defeat for Italy at the hands of Ethiopian forces at the Battle of Adwa in 1896. [ 21 ]
As a result of this failure on the part of the Big Four powers to agree on what to do with Italy's former colonies, Somali nationalist rebellion against the Italian colonial administration culminated in violent confrontation in 1948. 24 Somalis and 51 Italians died in the ensuing political riots in several coastal towns. [19]
The Pacification of Somalia (in Italian: Pacificazione della Somalia) was a military occupation carried by the fascist government of Italy to pacify Somalia's southern tribes and northern Muslims sultanates. [2] After the end of the Dervish war, this event altered Italy's approach to the colony. [3]
22 May 1936 to 24 May 1936: Angelo De Ruben, Governor: De facto Governor since January 1936 Somalia Governorate: Part of Italian East Africa: 24 May 1936 to 15 December 1937: Ruggiero Santini, Governor: 15 December 1937 to 11 June 1940: Francesco Caroselli, Governor: 11 June 1940 to 31 December 1940: Gustavo Pesenti, acting Governor: 31 ...
During the East African Campaign of WWII, the protectorate was occupied by Italy in August 1940, but recaptured by the British in summer 1941. Some Italian guerrilla fighting (Amedeo Guillet) lasted until 1942. The conquest of British Somaliland was Italy's only victory (without the cooperation of German troops) in WWII against the Allies.
The Trust Territory of Somaliland, officially the Trust Territory of Somaliland under Italian Administration [1] (Italian: Amministrazione fiduciaria italiana della Somalia), was a United Nations Trust Territory from 1950 to 1960, following the dissolution of the former British Military Administration.
In the late 19th century, Somali sultanates were colonized by the Italian and British Empires, [24] [25] [26] who merged all of these tribal territories into two colonies: Italian Somaliland and British Somaliland. [27] [28] In 1960, the two territories united to form the independent Somali Republic under a civilian government. [29]