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Decidualization is a process that results in significant changes to cells of the endometrium in preparation for, and during, pregnancy. This includes morphological and functional changes (the decidual reaction ) to endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), the presence of decidual white blood cells (leukocytes), and vascular changes to maternal arteries.
Decidualization includes the process of differentiation of the spindle-shape stromal fibroblasts into the plump secretory decidual cells, which create a pericellular extracellular matrix rich in fibronectin and laminin (similar to epithelial cells). Vascularity, as well as vascular permeability, is enhanced in the decidualizing endometrium.
Before the fertilized ovum reaches the uterus, the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus undergoes important changes and is then known as the decidua.The thickness and vascularity of the mucous membrane are greatly increased; its glands are elongated and open on its free surface by funnel-shaped orifices, while their deeper portions are tortuous and dilated into irregular spaces.
Ectopic decidua are decidual cells found outside inner lining of the uterus. This condition was first described in 1971 by Walker [1] and the name 'ectopic decidua' was coined by Tausig. [2] While ectopic decidua is most commonly seen during pregnancy, it rarely occurs in non-pregnant people, accompanied by bleeding and pain. [citation needed]
Menstrual cycle The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone production and the structures of the uterus and ovaries of the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. The ovarian cycle controls the production and release of eggs and the cyclic release of estrogen and progesterone. The uterine cycle governs the preparation and maintenance of the lining of the ...
Chronic deciduitis is a type of long-lasting inflammation that arises in pregnancy and affects the endometrial stromal tissue . It is associated with preterm labour . [ 1 ] The diagnosis rests primarily on the presence of plasma cells .
The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.It has a basal layer and a functional layer: the basal layer contains stem cells which regenerate the functional layer. [1]
Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium). It occurs on a regular basis in uninseminated [ 1 ] sexually reproductive-age females of certain mammal species. Although there is some disagreement in definitions between sources, menstruation is generally considered to be limited to primates .