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The SAE has a separate viscosity rating system for gear, axle, and manual transmission oils, SAE J306, which should not be confused with engine oil viscosity. The higher numbers of a gear oil (e.g., 75W-140) does not mean that it has higher viscosity than an engine oil 20W-50.
The same SAE system for designating motor oil viscosity also applies to synthetic oils. Synthetic oils are derived from either Group III, Group IV, or some Group V bases. Synthetics include classes of lubricants like synthetic esters (Group V) as well as "others" like GTL (methane gas-to-liquid) (Group III +) and polyalpha-olefins (Group IV).
Manufactured by solvent extraction, solvent or catalytic dewaxing, and hydro-finishing processes. Common Group I base oil are 150SN (solvent neutral), 500SN, and 150BS (brightstock) Group II – Saturates > 90% and sulfur < 0.03%, and SAE viscosity index of 80 to 120; Manufactured by hydrocracking and solvent or catalytic dewaxing processes.
SAE J306 is a standard that defines the viscometric properties of automotive gear oils. It is maintained by SAE International . [ 1 ] Key parameters for this standard are the kinematic viscosity of the gear oil, the maximum temperature at which the oil has a viscosity of 150,000 cP , and a measure of its shear stability through the KRL test.
For example, most modern gearboxes require a GL-4 oil, and separate differentials (where fitted) require a GL-5 oil. While they take the same form, the viscosity grades for gear oils are on a different scale than the viscosity grades for an engine oil. The viscometrics for gear oils are standardized in SAE J306.
The NLGI consistency number is also a component of the code specified in standard ISO 6743-9 “lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) — classification — part 9: family X (greases)”. [1] The NLGI consistency number alone is not sufficient for specifying the grease required by a particular application.
The viscosity index (VI) is an arbitrary, unit-less measure of a fluid's change in viscosity relative to temperature change. It is mostly used to characterize the viscosity-temperature behavior of lubricating oils. The lower the VI, the more the viscosity is affected by changes in temperature.
The SAE steel grade system was formerly a joint AISI-SAE system. Al or AL: aluminium: ALY: alloy: AMER: American: Referring to the United States: AMS: Aerospace Material Standards: Standards in materials science and engineering maintained by SAE International and widely used in the aerospace manufacturing industries. AN-Army-Navy