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A few pigging systems utilize a "captive pig", and the pipeline is only opened occasionally to check the condition of the pig. [12] At all other times, the pig is shuttled up and down the pipeline at the end of each transfer, and the pipeline is never opened up during process operation.
Hydraulically activated pipeline pigging (HAPP) is a pigging technology applied for pipeline cleaning. The basic principle is that a pressure drop is created over a by-passable pig held back against a pipeline's fluid flow. The pipeline fluid passing through the pig's cleaning head is accelerated by this pressure drop, forming strong cleaning jets.
Pigging slugs are caused by pigging operations in the pipeline. The pig is designed to push all or most of the liquids contents of the pipeline to the outlet. This intentionally creates a liquid slug. Slugs formed by terrain slugging, hydrodynamic slugging or riser-based slugging are periodical in nature.
CHK – choke (a restriction in a flowline or a system, usually referring to a production choke during a test or the choke in the well control system) CHKSR – checkshot survey report; CHKSS – checkshot survey log; CHOPS – cold heavy oil production with sand; CHP – casing hanger pressure (pressure in an annulus as measured at the casing ...
Process piping and power piping are typically checked by pipe stress engineers to verify that the routing, nozzle loads, hangers, and supports are properly placed and selected such that allowable pipe stress is not exceeded under different loads such as sustained loads, operating loads, pressure testing loads, etc., as stipulated by the ASME B31, EN 13480, GOST 32388, RD 10-249 or any other ...
The pig is pushed through the pipe using just one pipe volume of water and then the pipe is flushed for a short period returning the water quality to its usual limits typically using 1/4 to 1/2 of the pipe volume, [8] Total water usage is therefore typically 1.5 times the volume of the pipe to be cleaned. The ice-pigging process can be used in ...
Many other short, cylindrical objects, such as propane storage tanks, are also known as pigs and it is likely that the name came from the shape of the devices. In some countries, a pig is known as a "Diablo", literally translated to mean "the Devil" relating to the shuddering sound the tool would make as it passed beneath people's feet. The ...
"Modern pigging systems are highly sophisticated sets of equipment that consist of a standard 5-6 finned pig with an intelligent transmitter that has a global positioning system fixed on it to tell the exact location of the pig inside the pipeline while it is on the move. Along with the GPS positioner there are a host of other instruments like ...