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General Order No. 11 was a Union Army order issued by Major-General Ulysses S. Grant on December 17, 1862, during the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War. The order expelled all Jews from Grant's military district, comprising areas of Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky.
Two of Grant's biographers, Ron Chernow, Grant (2017) and Jean Edward Smith, Grant (2001), have credited Rawlins's support of Jewish people during the Civil War. Rawlins strongly objected to Grant's offensive General Order No. 11, which expelled Jewish families from Grant's Union military district. [39] [40]
The influential philosopher and logician Ramon Llull (1232–1315) called for expulsion of all Jews who would refuse conversion to Christianity. Some scholars regard Llull's as the first comprehensive articulation, in the Christian West, of an expulsionist policy regarding Jews. 1231 Simon de Montfort expels the Jews of Leicester. [34] [35] [36 ...
Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; [a] April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th president of the United States, serving from 1869 to 1877. In 1865, as commanding general , Grant led the Union Army to victory in the American Civil War .
One early US governmental incident of anti-Jewish action came during the American Civil War, when General Ulysses S. Grant issued General Order No. 11 (1862) to expel Jews from the portions of Tennessee, Kentucky and Mississippi then under his control. The order was quickly rescinded by President Lincoln.
Van Dorn's raid nearly coincided with General Order No. 11, issued by Grant on 17 December 1862. This order expelled Jews as a class from Grant's military district within 24 hours. Grant believed that Jewish traders violated U.S. Treasury Department cotton trade regulations. [14] Van Dorn's raid disrupted Union communications lines for weeks.
Grant's reputation soared during his well-publicized world tour. [7] At his death, Grant was seen as "a symbol of the American national identity and memory", when millions turned out for his funeral procession in 1885 and attended the 1897 dedication of his tomb. [1] Grant's popularity increased in the years immediately after his death.
U.S. General Ulysses S. Grant. Van Dorn's raid directly coincided with Grant's General Order No. 11, issued by Grant less than 72 hours earlier, that expelled Jews as a class from Grant's military district. [45] Grant had believed Jewish traders violated cotton trade regulations by the U.S. Treasury Department.