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Later in 1957, Australian immunologist Frank Macfarlane Burnet published a paper titled "A modification of Jerne's theory of antibody production using the concept of clonal selection" in the rather obscure Australian Journal of Science. In it Burnet expanded the ideas of Talmage and named the resulting theory the "clonal selection theory".
The germ-line theory was a proposed explanation for immunoglobulin diversity that proposed that each antibody was encoded in a separate germline gene. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This does not occur in most species (including humans), but may occur in Elasmobranchs .
Each antibody binds to a specific antigen in a highly specific interaction analogous to a lock and key.. An antibody (Ab) or immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses, including those that cause disease.
1900 – Antibody formation theory (Paul Ehrlich) 1901 – Blood groups (Karl Landsteiner) 1902 – Immediate hypersensitivity anaphylaxis (Paul Portier) and (Charles Richet) 1903 – Intermediate hypersensitivity, the "Arthus reaction" (Maurice Arthus) 1903 – Opsonization [9] 1905 – "Serum sickness" allergy (Clemens von Pirquet and (Bela ...
The side-chain theory (German, Seitenkettentheorie) is a theory proposed by Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915) to explain the immune response in living cells. Ehrlich theorized from very early in his career that chemical structure could be used to explain why the immune response occurred in reaction to infection .
Translation of the spliced mRNA for either the kappa or lambda chains results in formation of the Ig κ or Ig λ light chain protein. Assembly of the Ig μ heavy chain and one of the light chains results in the formation of membrane bound form of the immunoglobulin IgM that is expressed on the surface of the immature B cell.
Clonal anergy theory, proposed by Nossal, in which self-reactive T- or B-cells become inactivated in the normal individual and cannot amplify the immune response. [ 10 ] Idiotype network theory , proposed by Jerne , wherein a network of antibodies capable of neutralizing self-reactive antibodies exists naturally within the body.
The first correct description of the antigen-antibody reaction was given by Richard J. Goldberg at the University of Wisconsin in 1952. [1] [2] It came to be known as "Goldberg's theory" (of antigen-antibody reaction). [3] There are several types of antibodies and antigens, and each antibody is capable of binding only to a specific antigen.