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This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
The reaction of phosphorus pentachloride (PCl 5) with phosphorus pentoxide (P 4 O 10). 6 PCl 5 + P 4 O 10 → 10 POCl 3. The reaction can be simplified by chlorinating a mixture of PCl 3 and P 4 O 10, generating the PCl 5 in situ. The reaction of phosphorus pentachloride with boric acid or oxalic acid: [12] 3 PCl 5 + 2 B(OH) 3 → 3 POCl 3 + B ...
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/100 ml), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
Triphenylphosphine is produced industrially by the reaction between phosphorus trichlorid, chlorobenzene, and sodium: [13] PCl 3 + 3 PhCl + 6 Na → PPh 3 + 6 NaCl, where Ph = C 6 H 5. Under controlled conditions or especially with bulky R groups, similar reactions afford less substituted derivatives such as chlorodiisopropylphosphine.
Typically, such reactions are conducted in the presence of a base such as pyridine. The diester derived from phenol, phenyl oxalate ester, is Cyalume, the active ingredient in glow sticks. [citation needed] A similar reaction occurs with amines to give substituted oxalamides: [17] 2 R−NH 2 + ClC(=O)−C(=O)Cl → R−NH−C(=O)−C(=O)−NH ...
2-Chloropyridine reacts with nucleophiles to generate pyridine derivatives substituted at the second and fourth carbons on the heterocycle. Therefore, many reactions using 2-chloropyridine generate mixtures of products which require further workup to isolate the desired isomer.
The reaction of anthracene with N-methylformanilide, also using phosphorus oxychloride, gives 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde: N-Methylformanilide and anthracene and phosphorus oxychloride. In general, the electron-rich arene (3) must be much more active than benzene for the reaction to proceed; phenols or anilines are good substrates. [6]
The Sarett oxidation is an organic reaction that oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively, using chromium trioxide and pyridine.Unlike the similar Jones oxidation, the Sarett oxidation will not further oxidize primary alcohols to their carboxylic acid form, neither will it affect carbon-carbon double bonds. [1]